Assume that the authority is being cited in citation sentences in a brief to the united states supreme court unless. In the second instance, the explanatory phrase must start with a present participle ing word. Instruction that parentheticals about a case should immediately follow its citation and precede any subsequent history has been moved to rule 1. Parentheticals, subsequent and prior history, and order of such elements in case citations 11 parentheticals 11 weight of authority parentheticals 11 quotingciting parentheticals 12 explanatory parentheticals 12 subsequent and prior historythe basics order of parentheticals and case histories in citations 14. Do not begin with a capital letter or end with a period unless the parenthetical consists of a quotation that reads as a. Cases bluebook legal citation tarlton law library at. An explanatory parenthetical can briefly explain the proposition for which the case stands and is. Explanatory information takes the form of a present participle phrase, a quoted sentence, or a short statement that is appropriate in context. With cleaned up, the quoted passage is easier to read than the original. Explanatory phrases regular typeface in parenthetical notice this guide is currently being updated to reflect the recent changes made in the bluebook 20th edition.
Any punctuation within the citation, speeches and publications, titles of articles, case names, explanatory phrases, latin legal phrases, and introductory signals have to be underlined or italicized. It is not appropriate to use see also for general backgroundreading materials. Introduction to bluebooking bluebook basics libguides at. Parentheticals synonyms, parentheticals pronunciation, parentheticals translation, english dictionary definition of parentheticals. Explanatory parentheticals can pack a persuasive punch. These tips are searchable and linked to the bluebook content they address. Again, an explanatory parenthetical explaining the relevance of the material is. The opinion, supra note 3, at 6 quoting chaney, 470 u. If there is a subsequent history or related authority component to the citation, place these after the parentheticals in the citation sentence.
Cases bluebook legal citation tarlton law library at tarlton law. This part outlines where vlr conventions depart from the bluebook, adds additional rules, and seeks to clarify some of the more obscure bluebook rules. On january 17, 1893, queen liliuokalani abdicated her thrown, ending the monarchy. This paper describes what is believed to be the first instance of harvesting explanatory. First, the indigo book is given to you free of charge. You may omit extraneous words such as the unless doing so would cause confusion. Had this note been prepared and published under the twentieth edition, the parentheticals appended to notes 24, 26, and 28 would be. If, however, the provision cited or quoted has changed since the publication of the source doing the citing or quoting, cite. Where the explanatory parenthetical begins with a present. Creatively harvesting bluebook data ginger law librarian. Bt2 jurisdictionspecific citation rules and style guides.
Aug 02, 2012 well, its note entirely incorrect to use nested parentheticalsexplanations within explanations usually used to explain multiple concepts within one sentencebut your sentence can most likely be reworded without parentheticals. Presented by the academic achievement program october 25, 2011. This parenthetical will indicate the weight of a decision or the portion of the. The ellipsis in the quoted version indicates according to the ordinary rules that the omission was the authors. Page 4 has a helpful table that sets out the differences between the typeface used in nonacademic and academic citation. The blue book points out that citations in explanatory parentheticals are ignored when using id.
Explanatory parentheticals provide additional information about the proposition for which a case has been cited and are strongly encouraged when there is an inferential step between an authors statement in the text and the cited source. The explanatory parenthetical follows a citation and shows the relevance of the cited authority by providing substantive information about the authority. Use cleaned up to make your legal writing easier to read. The indigo book offers a couple of important advantages to users, compared with the bluebook. Oct, 2017 explanatory phrases regular typeface in parenthetical notice this guide is currently being updated to reflect the recent changes made in the bluebook 20th edition. The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an adapted version of the style and for matting guidelines found in the bluebook, 20th ed.
Mention the name of the author and the book in small caps. School of government legal citation and style guide. When citing a source for the purposes of a citing or quoting parenthetical. Considering that the uniform system of citation has become a basic piece of infrastructure for.
The indigo bookisnt the same asthe bluebook, but it does implement the same uniform system of citation thatthe bluebookdoes. Replace those recommendations with the following rule. Bluebook rule 1 states that these citations are enclosed in citation sentences, introduced by signals. When citing a source for the purposes of a citing or quoting parenthetical under rule 1. Explanatory parentheticals the concise summaries neatly packages alongside case citations are ubiquitous, easily harvested, and grossly underutilized.
The published or unpublished source in which the case can be found 3. Such parentheticals often explain the relevance of the source, indicate something about its persuasive force, or quote language from the source. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Explanatory phrases table 8 the following table lists a number of explanatory phrases some of which contain abbreviations commonly used in indicating prior or subsequent history and weight of authority of judicial decisions. United states department of justice office of the solicitor. Free in two different ways that are equally important. Appellate law clerks citation handbook page 2 1 historical note. The scope ofthe indigo books coverage is roughly equivalent tothe bluebooks bluepagesthat is,the indigo bookcovers legal citation for u.
This paper describes what is believed to be the first instance of harvesting explanatory parentheticals and utilizing them on a mass scale. Explanatory parentheticals can pack a persuasive punch pdf. Explanatory information introduction to the bluebook. Parenthetical use is governed in part by the bluebook and in part. In formal legal writing, a statement that may be added in parentheses at the end of a source citation. An explanatory parenthetical stating the relevance of the additional material is strongly encouraged. The second is when the author uses the parenthetical to explain the relevance of the source. Oct, 2017 this information follows the court and year in paretheticals andor an explanatory phrase. In general, any explanatory word or phrase that helps explain something that came before it. Parenthetical wex us law lii legal information institute. Mention the edition of the book and the year when the book was published separated by a comma within parentheses.
The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an adapted version of the style and formatting guidelines found in the bluebook, 20th ed. Bluebook citation school of justice studies rasguides. Parentheticals definition of parentheticals by the free. Well, its note entirely incorrect to use nested parentheticalsexplanations within explanations usually used to explain multiple concepts within one sentencebut your sentence can most likely be reworded without parentheticals. Quotingciting parentheticals used when the case being cited citesquotes another case. The first is when the explanation is a direct quotation from the source. Parentheticals article about parentheticals by the free. A parenthetical is an explanatory phrase included in parentheses at the end of a legal citation. Times new roman font alongside with oneinch margins. According to the legal studies program, you should use 12 pt. The revised office of the solicitor general citation manual is designed to showcase only the ways in which the osg citation style differs from the 19th edition of the bluebook, or where a bluebook rule needs emphasizing due to common errors. Presented by the academic achievement program october. The indigo book is a free implementation of the bluebook method, and is the preferred source for paralegal students at rasmussen college.
Eliminate all references to, and recommendations for, explanatory parentheticals in bluebook rule 1. Explanatory parentheticals should begin with a present participle, unless the parenthetical contains a quoted sentence or a short statement. Mention the volume number in small caps followed by the page number being cited. Brackets, parentheticals, internal quotations marks, and quoting citations are all omitted. By not having parentheticals, a motion or brief would discuss too. This information follows the court and year in paretheticals andor an explanatory phrase. The same rules regarding typeface, short form, etc. Citations in quotingciting parentheticals, 6152010 related section. Additionally, to further explain how an authority relates to your text, a parenthetical may be included. An explanatory parenthetical typically consists of a phrase. The parentheticals are huge fun london pub theatres. The white pages in the bluebook address academic citation. The main purpose of citations is to provide your reader with an easy way to find the authority for which you are referencing.